Multi-scale feature extraction and classification of motor imagery electroencephalography based on time series data enhancement / 生物医学工程学杂志

The brain-computer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery electroencephalography (MI-EEG) enables direct information interaction between the human brain and external devices. In this paper, a multi-scale EEG feature extraction convolutional neural network model based on time series data enhancement is proposed for decoding MI-EEG signals. First, an EEG signals augmentation method was proposed that could increase the information content of training samples without changing the length of the time series, while retaining its original features completely. Then, multiple holistic and detailed features of the EEG data were adaptively extracted by multi-scale convolution module, and the features were fused and filtered by parallel residual module and channel attention. Finally, classification results were output by a fully connected network. The application experimental results on the BCI Competition IV 2a and 2b datasets showed that the proposed model achieved an average classification accuracy of 91.87% and 87.85% for the motor imagery task, respectively, which had high accuracy and strong robustness compared with existing baseline models. The proposed model does not require complex signals pre-processing operations and has the advantage of multi-scale feature extraction, which has high practical application value.

A invenção de um setting on-line para atendimento psicológico remoto / The invention of an online environment for remote psychological care / La invención de un entorno en línea para la atención psicológica remota

Com o advento da covid-19, foi declarado estado de emergência de saúde pública e decretadas medidas de isolamento e distanciamento social para conter a propagação da doença. O Conselho Federal de Psicologia, considerando a importância do acolhimento seguro durante a pandemia, publicou a Resolução CFP nº 4/2020, permitindo que serviços psicológicos aconteçam de maneira remota. O presente estudo visa, através do Método da Cartografia, apresentar a construção de um setting on-line para intervenções grupais e os desafios na oferta de acolhimento e atendimento remoto. Foram ofertados grupos terapêuticos, por meio da plataforma Google Meet, para estudantes da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Um diário de bordo foi produzido para acompanhar as forças que atravessavam e constituíam o território e a experiência grupal remota. Compreendemos que o território-espaço-grupal-on-line era composto pelo espaço virtual em que nos reuníamos, pelos espaços individuais de cada integrante e pelas forças que os atravessavam. Observamos que nem sempre os participantes dispunham de um lugar privado, mas estiveram presentes no encontro com câmeras e áudios abertos e/ou fechados e/ou através do chat da videochamada. A participação no grupo funcionou como alternativa no momento de distanciamento social, sendo uma possibilidade para o atendimento psicológico em situações de dificuldade de encontros presenciais; entretanto, se mostrou dificultada em diversos momentos, pela falta de equipamentos adequados e instabilidade na internet, fatores que interferiram nas reuniões e impactaram na possibilidade de falar e escutar o que era desejado.(AU)

With the advent of COVID-19, a state of public health was declared, and measures of isolation and social distance to contain the spread of the disease was decreed. The Federal Council of Psychology, considering the importance of safe reception during the pandemic, published CFP Resolution No. 4/2020, allowing psychological services to happen remotely. This study narrates, via the Cartography Method, the experience of inventing an Online Setting for group reception. Therapeutic groups were offered, via Google Meet Platform, to students at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. A logbook was produced to accompany the forces that crossed and constituted the territory and the remote group experience. We understand that the territoryspace-group-online was composed by the virtual-space that we gathered, by the individualspaces of each member and by the forces that crossed them. We observed that the participants did not always have a private place, but they were present at the meeting with open and/or closed cameras and audio and/or through the video call chat. Participation in the group worked as an alternative at the time of social distancing, being a possibility for psychological care in situations of difficulty in face-to-face meetings, however, it proved to be difficult at various times, due to the lack of adequate equipment and instability on the internet, factors that interfered in meetings and impacted the possibility of speaking and listening to what was desired.(AU)

La llegada de la COVID-19 produjo un estado de emergencia de salud pública, en el que se decretaron medidas de confinamiento y distanciamiento físico para contener la propagación de la enfermedad. El Consejo Federal de Psicología, considerando la importancia de la acogida segura durante la pandemia, publicó la Resolución CFP nº 4/2020, por la que se permite la atención psicológica remota. Este estudio tiene por objetivo presentar, mediante el método de la Cartografía, la elaboración de un escenario en línea para la intervención grupal y los desafíos en la oferta de acogida y atención remota. Grupos terapéuticos se ofrecieron, en la plataforma Google Meet, a estudiantes de la Universidad Federal Rural de Río de Janeiro. Se elaboró un diario para acompañar a las fuerzas que atravesaron y constituyeron el territorio y la experiencia remota del grupo. Entendemos que el territorio-espacio-grupo-en línea estaba compuesto por el espacio-virtual que reunimos, por los espacios individuales de cada integrante y por las fuerzas que los atravesaban. Observamos que los participantes no siempre tenían un lugar privado y que estaban presentes en la reunión con cámaras y audio abiertos y/o cerrados y/o por el chat de la videollamada. La participación en el grupo funcionó como una alternativa en el momento del distanciamiento físico y revela ser una posibilidad de atención psicológica en situaciones de dificultad en los encuentros presenciales, sin embargo, se mostró difícil en varios momentos, ya sea por la falta de medios adecuados o por inestabilidad en Internet, factores que interferían en las reuniones e impactaban en la posibilidad de hablar y escuchar lo que se deseaba.(AU)

Research on the feature representation of motor imagery electroencephalogram signal based on individual adaptation / 生物医学工程学杂志

Aiming at the problem of low recognition accuracy of motor imagery electroencephalogram signal due to individual differences of subjects, an individual adaptive feature representation method of motor imagery electroencephalogram signal is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the individual differences and signal characteristics in different frequency bands, an adaptive channel selection method based on expansive relevant features with label F (ReliefF) was proposed. By extracting five time-frequency domain observation features of each frequency band signal, ReliefF algorithm was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the frequency band signal in each channel, and then the corresponding signal channel was selected for each frequency band. Secondly, a feature representation method of common space pattern (CSP) based on fast correlation-based filter (FCBF) was proposed (CSP-FCBF). The features of electroencephalogram signal were extracted by CSP, and the best feature sets were obtained by using FCBF to optimize the features, so as to realize the effective state representation of motor imagery electroencephalogram signal. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) was adopted as a classifier to realize identification. Experimental results show that the proposed method in this research can effectively represent the states of motor imagery electroencephalogram signal, with an average identification accuracy of (83.0±5.5)% for four types of states, which is 6.6% higher than the traditional CSP feature representation method. The research results obtained in the feature representation of motor imagery electroencephalogram signal lay the foundation for the realization of adaptive electroencephalogram signal decoding and its application.

Multi-task motor imagery electroencephalogram classification based on adaptive time-frequency common spatial pattern combined with convolutional neural network / 生物医学工程学杂志

The effective classification of multi-task motor imagery electroencephalogram (EEG) is helpful to achieve accurate multi-dimensional human-computer interaction, and the high frequency domain specificity between subjects can improve the classification accuracy and robustness. Therefore, this paper proposed a multi-task EEG signal classification method based on adaptive time-frequency common spatial pattern (CSP) combined with convolutional neural network (CNN). The characteristics of subjects' personalized rhythm were extracted by adaptive spectrum awareness, and the spatial characteristics were calculated by using the one-versus-rest CSP, and then the composite time-domain characteristics were characterized to construct the spatial-temporal frequency multi-level fusion features. Finally, the CNN was used to perform high-precision and high-robust four-task classification. The algorithm in this paper was verified by the self-test dataset containing 10 subjects (33 ± 3 years old, inexperienced) and the dataset of the 4th 2018 Brain-Computer Interface Competition (BCI competition Ⅳ-2a). The average accuracy of the proposed algorithm for the four-task classification reached 93.96% and 84.04%, respectively. Compared with other advanced algorithms, the average classification accuracy of the proposed algorithm was significantly improved, and the accuracy range error between subjects was significantly reduced in the public dataset. The results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance in multi-task classification, and can effectively improve the classification accuracy and robustness.

Key technology of brain-computer interaction based on speech imagery / 生物医学工程学杂志

Speech expression is an important high-level cognitive behavior of human beings. The realization of this behavior is closely related to human brain activity. Both true speech expression and speech imagination can activate part of the same brain area. Therefore, speech imagery becomes a new paradigm of brain-computer interaction. Brain-computer interface (BCI) based on speech imagery has the advantages of spontaneous generation, no training, and friendliness to subjects, so it has attracted the attention of many scholars. However, this interactive technology is not mature in the design of experimental paradigms and the choice of imagination materials, and there are many issues that need to be discussed urgently. Therefore, in response to these problems, this article first expounds the neural mechanism of speech imagery. Then, by reviewing the previous BCI research of speech imagery, the mainstream methods and core technologies of experimental paradigm, imagination materials, data processing and so on are systematically analyzed. Finally, the key problems and main challenges that restrict the development of this type of BCI are discussed. And the future development and application perspective of the speech imaginary BCI system are prospected.

Motor imagery electroencephalogram classification based on sparse spatiotemporal decomposition and channel attention / 生物医学工程学杂志

Motor imagery electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are non-stationary time series with a low signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the single-channel EEG analysis method is difficult to effectively describe the interaction characteristics between multi-channel signals. This paper proposed a deep learning network model based on the multi-channel attention mechanism. First, we performed time-frequency sparse decomposition on the pre-processed data, which enhanced the difference of time-frequency characteristics of EEG signals. Then we used the attention module to map the data in time and space so that the model could make full use of the data characteristics of different channels of EEG signals. Finally, the improved time-convolution network (TCN) was used for feature fusion and classification. The BCI competition IV-2a data set was used to verify the proposed algorithm. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm could effectively improve the classification accuracy of motor imagination EEG signals, which achieved an average accuracy of 83.03% for 9 subjects. Compared with the existing methods, the classification accuracy of EEG signals was improved. With the enhanced difference features between different motor imagery EEG data, the proposed method is important for the study of improving classifier performance.

"1, 2, 3... ação": o uso do cinema para o estudo das metáforas da enfermidade na formação em Medicina / "1, 2, 3... action": using cinema to study illness metaphors in medical education / "1, 2, 3... acción": el uso del cine para el estudio de las metáforas de la enfermedad en la formación en medicina

A cinematografia tem se mostrado ferramenta versátil na educação médica podendo ser utilizada no estudo do processo saúde-adoecimento-cuidado. Objetiva-se relatar a experiência do uso da cinematografia para discussão das metáforas da enfermidade no curso médico de uma Universidade Federal. Como preparo, os estudantes leram sobre "Significação e metáforas da doença". Foi exibido o filme "Para sempre Alice" e debatido o tema lido com base em suas metáforas. Posteriormente, os alunos foram à Rede Básica para aplicar o uso das metáforas. Notou-se a importância dos determinantes sociais em saúde e da relevância de ações que extrapolam o âmbito biológico. A atividade, além de lúdica, foi pedagógica e buscou tornar a aprendizagem mais significativa. Percebeu-se a efetividade da cinematografia para interpretação de metáforas da doença e contribuição para uma melhor prática médica.(AU)

Cinematography has shown itself to be a versatile tool in medical education, being used to study the health-illness-care process. This article describes the experience of using cinematography to discuss illness metaphors on a medicine course at a federal university in Brazil. As preparation, the students read about signification and illness metaphors. We showed the film "Still Alice" and the students debated the theme, drawing on the film's metaphors. They then visited primary care services to apply the use of the metaphors. The findings show the importance of the social determinants of health and relevance of actions that go beyond the realm of biology. Besides being game-based, the activity was educational and sought to make learning more meaningful. The findings confirm that cinematography is an effective tool for interpreting illness metaphors and contributes to better medical practice.(AU)

La cinematografía ha mostrado ser una herramienta versátil en la educación médica pudiendo utilizarse en el estudio del proceso salud-enfermedad-cuidado. El objetivo es relatar la experiencia del uso de la cinematografía para la discusión de las metáforas de la enfermedad en el curso médico de una Universidad Federal. Como preparación, los estudiantes leyeron sobre Significación y Metáforas de la Enfermedad. Se exhibió la película "Siempre Alice" y se discutió sobre el tema leído, a partir de sus metáforas. Posteriormente, los alumnos fueron a la Red Básica para aplicar el uso de las metáforas. Se observó la importancia de los determinantes sociales en salud y de la relevancia de acciones que extrapolan el ámbito biológico. La actividad, además de lúdica, fue pedagógica y su objetivo fue hacer que el aprendizaje fuera más significativo. Se percibió la efectividad de la cinematografía para interpretación de metáforas de la enfermedad y contribuir para una mejor práctica médica.(AU)

Key technologies for intelligent brain-computer interaction based on magnetoencephalography / 生物医学工程学杂志

Brain-computer interaction (BCI) is a transformative human-computer interaction, which aims to bypass the peripheral nerve and muscle system and directly convert the perception, imagery or thinking activities of cranial nerves into actions for further improving the quality of human life. Magnetoencephalogram (MEG) measures the magnetic field generated by the electrical activity of neurons. It has the unique advantages of non-contact measurement, high temporal and spatial resolution, and convenient preparation. It is a new BCI driving signal. MEG-BCI research has important brain science significance and potential application value. So far, few documents have elaborated the key technical issues involved in MEG-BCI. Therefore, this paper focuses on the key technologies of MEG-BCI, and details the signal acquisition technology involved in the practical MEG-BCI system, the design of the MEG-BCI experimental paradigm, the MEG signal analysis and decoding key technology, MEG-BCI neurofeedback technology and its intelligent method. Finally, this paper also discusses the existing problems and future development trends of MEG-BCI. It is hoped that this paper will provide more useful ideas for MEG-BCI innovation research.

Desdobramentos psicopatológicos da identificação projetiva na parte bebê do self / Psychopathological evolution of projective identification in the baby part of the self

RESUMO: Discutiremos os desdobramentos psicopatológicos na zona arcaica da subjetividade quando a identificação projetiva perde sua dimensão de comunicação primitiva, assumindo um caráter radical de evacuação e prejudicando a rêverie materna. Estudaremos as experiências precoces do psiquismo englobadas na parte bebê do self, fundamentais aos processos de simbolização primária. Suas falhas se manifestam na clínica através de intensos sofrimentos capitaneados por angústias primitivas, como as de abandono e de separação, que acarretam respostas radicais, tais como a fragmentação e a despersonalização. Apresentaremos um fragmento clínico para ilustrar a forma de desorganização psíquica própria às falhas na parte bebê do self.

Abstract: We will discuss the psychopathological evolution in the archaic zone of subjectivity when the projective identification loses its primitive communication dimension, assuming a radical role of evacuation and damaging the maternal rêverie. We will study the early experiences of the psyche embedded in the baby part of the self, fundamental to the processes of primary symbolization. Their failures are manifested in the clinic through intense sufferings captained by primitive anxieties, such as abandonment and separation, which lead to severe responses such as fragmentation and depersonalization. We will present a clinical fragment to illustrate the archaic forms of psychic disorganization proper to failures in the baby part of the self.

Relaxamento com imagem guiada para qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde durante o transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas / Image-guided relaxation for health-related quality of life during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

A utilização do relaxamento com imagem guiada pode trazer benefícios ao paciente submetido ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas ao possibilitar alívio de sintomas físicos e emocionais, influenciando na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as alterações nos domínios da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e variáveis fisiológicas de pacientes internados submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas, que receberam a técnica de relaxamento com imagem guiada por realidade virtual. Trata-se de estudo quase-experimental, longitudinal, realizado em um Serviço de Transplante de Medula Óssea de hospital público no sul do Brasil. De outubro de 2019 a outubro de 2020, foram incluídos 42 participantes adultos submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas, sendo alocados 35 no grupo intervenção e 7 no grupo controle em uma razão 5:1. Para o primeiro, foi utilizado como intervenção o relaxamento com imagem guiada por realidade virtual. Foram aferidas pressão arterial, frequências cardíaca e respiratória, saturação de oxigênio, temperatura e dor imediatamente antes e após a intervenção. A coleta de dados ocorreu em quatro momentos: internação (T1), dia zero (T2), fase de neutropenia (T3) e pré-alta hospitalar (T4). Para ambos os grupos foram aplicados questionários sociodemográfico e clínico e Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue e Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Neutropenia para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, foram avaliados também valores de hemograma e leucograma. Os resultados mostraram média geral de idade de 37,8 anos e faixa de renda de 1 a 3 salários mínimos, 21 (70%) participantes do grupo intervenção e cinco (71,43%) no controle. O transplante alogênico foi predominante, 28 (80%) no grupo intervenção e cinco (71,43%) no controle. As leucemias foram o diagnóstico mais frequente em ambos os grupos, 13 (34,14%) no grupo intervenção e três (42,86%) no controle. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos nas avaliações de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, contudo foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as etapas e correlação positiva significativa entre as variáveis qualidade de vida geral, preocupações adicionais, fadiga e neutropenia em todas as etapas para o grupo intervenção. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as médias das aferições antes e depois em frequência cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura, saturação de oxigênio e pressão arterial no grupo intervenção. Houve semelhança no comportamento dos valores de hemograma, leucograma e no tempo para pega medular em ambos os grupos. A intervenção é, em geral, bem aceita e não foram encontradas evidências de eventos adversos relacionados à sua aplicação. Apesar de não ter sido verificada influência da imagem guiada na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde neste estudo, as alterações nos dados vitais demonstraram eficácia para a indução de estado de relaxamento. Assim, o relaxamento com imagem guiada por realidade virtual pode ser utilizado com segurança promovendo efeitos benéficos em pacientes submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a necessidade de ampliação da oferta de práticas integrativas para esses pacientes em face do comprometimento observado na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde.

The use of guided imagery relaxation can bring benefits to patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by providing relief from physical and emotional symptoms, influencing health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the domains of health-related quality of life, and physiological variables, of hospitalized patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and received the guided imagery relaxation by virtual reality technique. This is a quasi-experimental, longitudinal, study carried out in a Bone Marrow Transplantation Service at a public hospital in southern Brazil. From October 2019 to October 2020, 42 adult participants who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were included, allocated 35 in the intervention group and 7 in the control group, in a 5:1 ratio. For the former, guided imagery relaxation by virtual reality was used as intervention. Blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, oxygen saturation, temperature and pain were measured immediately before and after the intervention. Data collection took place in four moments : hospitalization (T1), day zero (T2), neutropenia phase (T3) and pre-hospital discharge (T4). Sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Neutropenia were applied to both groups to assess health-related quality of life, and hemogram and leukogram values were evaluated. The results show a general mean age of 37.8 years and an income range of 1 to 3 minimum wages, 21 (70%) participants in the intervention group and five (71.43%) in the control group. Allogeneic transplantation was predominant, 28 (80%) in the intervention group and five (71.43%) in the control group. Leukemias were the most frequent diagnosis in both groups, 13 (34.14%) in the intervention group and three (42.86%) in the control. There were no differences between groups in healthrelated quality of life assessments, however a significant difference was found between the stages and a significant positive correlation between the variables general quality of life, additional concerns, fatigue and neutropenia at all stages for the intervention group. Significant differences were found between the averages of the measurements before and after in heart and respiratory rate, temperature, oxygen saturation and blood pressure in the intervention group. There was a similarity in the behavior of the hemogram and leukogram values and time of engraftment in both groups. The intervention is, in general, well accepted and no evidence of adverse events related to its application has been found. Although there was no influence of the guided imagery on health-related quality of life in this study, changes in vital signs demonstrate efficacy for inducing a state of relaxation. Thus, guided imagery relaxation by virtual reality can be used safely promoting beneficial effects in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The results found point to the need to expand the offer of integrative practices for these patients in the face of the impairment observed in healthrelated quality of life.

Execution, assessment and improvement methods of motor imagery for brain-computer interface / 生物医学工程学杂志

Motor imagery (MI) is an important paradigm of driving brain computer interface (BCI). However, MI is not easy to control or acquire, and the performance of MI-BCI depends heavily on the performance of the subjects' MI. Therefore, the correct execution of MI mental activities, ability evaluation and improvement methods play important and even critical roles in the improvement and application of MI-BCI system's performance. However, in the research and development of MI-BCI, the existing researches mainly focus on the decoding algorithm of MI, but do not pay enough attention to the above three aspects of MI mental activities. In this paper, these problems of MI-BCI are discussed in detail, and it is pointed out that the subjects tend to use visual motor imagery as kinesthetic motor imagery. In the future, we need to develop some objective, quantitatively visualized MI ability evaluation methods, and develop some effective and less time-consumption training methods to improve MI ability. It is also necessary to solve the differences and commonness of MI problems between and within individuals and MI-BCI illiteracy to a certain extent.

Research on performance of motor-imagery-based brain-computer interface in different complexity of Chinese character patterns / 生物医学工程学杂志

The traditional paradigm of motor-imagery-based brain-computer interface (BCI) is abstract, which cannot effectively guide users to modulate brain activity, thus limiting the activation degree of the sensorimotor cortex. It was found that the motor imagery task of Chinese characters writing was better accepted by users and helped guide them to modulate their sensorimotor rhythms. However, different Chinese characters have different writing complexity (number of strokes), and the effect of motor imagery tasks of Chinese characters with different writing complexity on the performance of motor-imagery-based BCI is still unclear. In this paper, a total of 12 healthy subjects were recruited for studying the effects of motor imagery tasks of Chinese characters with two different writing complexity (5 and 10 strokes) on the performance of motor-imagery-based BCI. The experimental results showed that, compared with Chinese characters with 5 strokes, motor imagery task of Chinese characters writing with 10 strokes obtained stronger sensorimotor rhythm and better recognition performance (

Research progress and prospect of collaborative brain-computer interface for group brain collaboration / 生物医学工程学杂志

As the most common active brain-computer interaction paradigm, motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) suffers from the bottleneck problems of small instruction set and low accuracy, and its information transmission rate (ITR) and practical application are severely limited. In this study, we designed 6-class imagination actions, collected electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from 19 subjects, and studied the effect of collaborative brain-computer interface (cBCI) collaboration strategy on MI-BCI classification performance, the effects of changes in different group sizes and fusion strategies on group multi-classification performance are compared. The results showed that the most suitable group size was 4 people, and the best fusion strategy was decision fusion. In this condition, the classification accuracy of the group reached 77%, which was higher than that of the feature fusion strategy under the same group size (77.31%

Projeto ARTICULADOR: protocolo de atendimento psicoeducativo em manejo de dor baseado em hipnose ericksoniana e visualização guiada / ARTICULATOR Project: protocol of psychoeducational care in pain management based on ericksonian hypnosis and visualization guided

Introdução: A dor é uma experiência essencialmente subjetiva e multifatorial cujo manejo e o tratamento devem considerar os aspectos afetivos, sensoriais, autonômicos e comportamentais associados. Nessa perspectiva, a Área de Controle e Tratamento da Dor (ARDOR) do Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia Jamil Andrade (INTO) identificou a necessidade de atualizar seu modus operandi mediante ao esgotamento do modelo assistencial vigente frente aos desafios da contemporaneidade. No rastro dessa mudança, os psicólogos atuantes na ARDOR são convidados a reinventar seu próprio modo de intervenção, articulando novas técnicas, processos e ações. Objetivos: O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um novo protocolo assistencial em Saúde Mental na Clínica da Dor baseado na hipnose ericksoniana e na visualização guiada, associadas a práticas grupais e ações estratégicas de gerenciamento. O novo protocolo de atendimento está centrado em grupos psicoeducativos fechados, focais e breves, orientados para o manejo e enfrentamento da dor. Método: Buscou-se averiguar as evidências de eficácia da hipnose quanto ao manejo de dor através da elaboração de uma revisão sistemática da literatura e análise dos resultados obtidos de um estudo piloto com pacientes da clínica da dor. Ambos os estudos ­ teórico e prático ­ corroboraram para a elaboração do protocolo. Resultados: As evidências obtidas tanto na revisão sistemática quanto análise dos resultados do ensaio piloto apontaram a hipnose como sendo eficaz em pelo menos um aspecto no manejo da dor (redução da interferência, qualidade ou intensidade da dor). A catastrofização mostrou-se uma variável interveniente com um expressivo viés em alguns resultados, por isso foi incluída no protocolo. Conclusão: Enquanto práticas integrativas, a hipnose e a visualização guiada são técnicas eficazes no manejo da dor, sendo de fácil aplicação, podendo ser aprendida e transmitida adiante pelos pacientes. Este protocolo é passível de ser reproduzido em outras instituições. Recomenda-se que seja utilizado por profissional de saúde treinado e com experiência no trabalho com práticas integrativas

Introduction: Pain is an essentially subjective and multifactorial experience whose management and treatment must consider the associated affective, sensory, autonomic and behavioral aspects. In this perspective, the Pain Control and Treatment Area (ARDOR) of National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Jamil Andrade (INTO) identified the need to update its modus operandi by exhausting the current care model in the face of contemporary challenges. In the wake of this change, the psychologists working at ARDOR are invited to reinvent their own way of intervention, articulating new techniques, processes and actions. Objectives: The objective of this research is to propose a new mental health care protocol at Clínica da Dor based on Ericksonian hypnosis and guided visualization, associated with group practices and strategic management actions. The new care protocol is centered on closed, focal and brief psychoeducational groups, oriented to the management and coping of pain. Method: We sought to investigate the evidence of the effectiveness of hypnosis in pain management through the development of a systematic review of the literature and analysis of the results obtained from a pilot study with patients in the pain clinic. Both studies - theoretical and practical - supported the preparation of the protocol. Results: The evidence obtained both in the systematic review and analysis of the results of the pilot project pointed out hypnosis as being effective in at least one aspect in pain management (reduction of interference, quality or intensity of pain). Catastrophization proved to be an intervening variable with a significant bias in some results, so it was included in the protocol. Conclusion: As an integrative practice, hypnosis and guided visualization are effective techniques for pain management, being easy to apply and can be learned and transmitted by patients. This protocol is capable of being reproduced in other institutions. it is recommended to be used by a trained health professional with experience working with integrative practices

Progress of classification algorithms for motor imagery electroencephalogram signals / 生物医学工程学杂志

Motor imagery (MI), motion intention of the specific body without actual movements, has attracted wide attention in fields as neuroscience. Classification algorithms for motor imagery electroencephalogram (MI-EEG) signals are able to distinguish different MI tasks based on the physiological information contained by the EEG signals, especially the features extracted from them. In recent years, there have been some new advances in classification algorithms for MI-EEG signals in terms of classifiers versus machine learning strategies. In terms of classifiers, traditional machine learning classifiers have been improved by some researchers, deep learning and Riemannian geometry classifiers have been widely applied as well. In terms of machine learning strategies, ensemble learning, adaptive learning, and transfer learning strategies have been utilized to improve classification accuracies or reach other targets. This paper reviewed the progress of classification algorithms for MI-EEG signals, summarized and evaluated the existing classifiers and machine learning strategies, to provide new ideas for developing classification algorithms with higher performance.

Dopaminergic drugs alter beta coherence during motor imagery and motor execution in healthy adults / Drogas dopaminérgicas alteram a coerência beta durante a imagética motora e a execução motora em adultos saudáveis

Abstract Background: Motor Imagery (MI) represents the cognitive component of the movement and recruits dopaminergic systems. Objective: To investigate the role of dopaminergic system through the action of methylphenidate and risperidone over beta coherence during execution, action observation and motor imagery. Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded before and after the substance intake. For statistical analysis, a three-way ANOVA was used to identify changes in beta coherence induced by the group, task and the moment variables. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.007. Results: We found a main effect for group for C3/CZ, and a main effect for task for CZ/C4 pairs of electrodes. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the post-drug administration between groups for C3/CZ pair of electrodes, and between task for C4/CZ pair of electrodes. Conclusion: The administration of methylphenidate and risperidone was able to produce electrocortical changes of the cortical central regions, even when featuring antagonistic effects on the dopaminergic pathways. Moreover, the execution task allowed beta-band modulation increase.

Resumo Introdução: A imagética motora (IM) representa o componente cognitivo do movimento e recruta os sistemas dopaminérgicos. Objetivo: Investigar o papel do sistema dopaminérgico por meio da ação do metilfenidato e da risperidona sobre a coerência em beta durante a execução, observação de ação e imagética motora. Métodos: Os dados de eletroencefalografia (EEG) foram registrados antes e depois da ingestão das substâncias. Para a análise estatística, uma ANOVA de três vias foi utilizada para identificar mudanças na coerência beta induzidas pelas variáveis grupo, tarefa e momento. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p≤0,007. Resultados: Encontramos um efeito principal para o grupo C3/CZ e um efeito principal para a tarefa nos pares de eletrodos CZ/C4. Além disso, diferenças significativas foram encontradas após a administração da droga entre os grupos para o par de eletrodos C3/CZ e entre tarefa para o par de eletrodos C4/CZ. Conclusão: A administração de metilfenidato e risperidona foi capaz de produzir alterações eletrocorticais das regiões somatomotoras, mesmo apresentando efeitos antagônicos nas vias dopaminérgicas. Além disso, a tarefa de execução provocou maior modulação da banda beta.

Efficacy of the complementary therapies in the management of cancer pain in palliative care: A systematic review / Eficácia das terapias complementares no manejo da dor oncológica em cuidados paliativos: revisão sistemática / Eficacia de las terapias complementarias en el manejo del dolor oncológico en los cuidados paliativos: revisión sistemática

Objective: to synthesize the knowledge and to critically evaluate the evidences arising from randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of the complementary therapies in the management of cancer pain in adult patients with cancer in palliative care. Method: a systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The search for articles in the MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL Cochrane, and PsycINFO databases, as well as the manual search, selection of studies, data extraction, and methodological assessment using the Cochrane Bias Risk tool were performed independently by two reviewers. Results: eight hundred and fifteen (815) studies were identified, six of them being selected and analyzed, of which three used massage therapy, one study used a combination of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imaging, and another two studies used acupuncture. Most of the studies had an uncertain risk of bias (n=4; 67%). Conclusion: while the evidence from the studies evaluating the use of massage therapy or the use of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imaging for the management of cancer pain in these patients demonstrated significant benefits, the other two studies that evaluated the use of acupuncture as a complementary therapy showed contradictory results, therefore, needing more research studies to elucidate such findings.

Objetivo: sintetizar o conhecimento e avaliar criticamente as evidências provenientes de ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados sobre a eficácia das terapias complementares no manejo da dor oncológica em pacientes adultos com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Método: revisão sistemática guiada pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A busca dos artigos nas bases de dados MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL Cochrane e PsycINFO, bem como a busca manual, seleção dos estudos, extração dos dados e avaliação metodológica pela ferramenta do Risco de Viés da Cochrane foram realizadas por dois revisores de forma independente. Resultados: foram identificados 815 estudos, sendo seis selecionados e analisados, dos quais três utilizaram a massagem terapêutica, um estudo usou uma combinação de relaxamento muscular progressivo e imagem guiada, e outros dois estudos a acupuntura. A maioria dos estudos apresentou risco de viés incerto (n=4; 67%). Conclusão: enquanto as evidências dos estudos que avaliaram o uso da massagem terapêutica ou o uso de relaxamento muscular progressivo e imagem guiada para manejo da dor oncológica nesses pacientes mostraram benefícios significativos, os outros dois estudos que avaliaram o uso da acupuntura como terapia complementar exibiram resultados divergentes, necessitando, portanto, de mais pesquisas para elucidar tais achados.

Objetivo: sintetizar conocimiento y realizar el análisis crítico de las evidencias procedentes de ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios sobre la eficacia de las terapias complementarias en el manejo del dolor oncológico en pacientes adultos con cáncer en cuidados paliativos. Método: revisión sistemática guiada por el Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. La búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL Cochrane y PsycINFO, así como la búsqueda manual, selección de estudios, extracción de datos y evaluación metodológica con la utilización de la herramienta Riesgo de Sesgo de Cochrane se realizaron por dos revisores de forma independiente. Resultados: se identificaron 815 estudios, de los cuales, seis fueron seleccionados y analizados, siendo que tres utilizaron masaje terapéutico, un estudio utilizó una combinación de relajación muscular progresiva e imagen guiada, y otros dos estudios la acupuntura. La mayor parte de los estudios presentaron riesgo de sesgo incierto (n=4; 67%) Conclusión: mientras las evidencias de los estudios que evalúan el uso de la del masaje terapéutico o el uso de la relajación muscular progresiva y las imágenes guiadas para el manejo del dolor oncológico en estos pacientes demostraron beneficios significativos, los otros dos estudios que evaluaron el uso de la acupuntura como terapia complementaria mostraron resultados divergentes, razón por la cual se requiere de más investigación para dilucidar tales hallazgos.

Terapias alternativas para os cuidados dos sintomas da menopausa: delineando possibilidades e desafios / Alternative therapies for menopausal symptom care: outlining possibilities and challenges / Terapias alternativas para el cuidado de los síntomas de la menopausia: delineando las posibilidades y los desafios

Objective: The study's goal has been to analyze the main alternative therapies that might reduce the menopause symptoms, as well as to present the challenges faced by nursing professionals dealing with it. Methods: It is an integrative literature review, having a descriptive and exploratory approach. There were used the following databases: the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and the Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) [Latin-American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences]. There were found 145 studies, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes) stages. Results: The main alternative therapies identified were as follows: physical exercise, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, medicinal plants, yoga and guided imagery. Each of the indicated modalities of therapy has positive benefits in reducing the menopause symptoms. Nurses play a significant role towards adherence and fulfilment of alternative therapies, but there is still excessive unawareness about how to carry out such practices. Conclusion: It is important to include teaching and qualification in alternative therapies within university education and programs of permanent education in collective health

Objetivo: Analisar as principais terapias alternativas que podem diminuir os sintomas da menopausa e apresentar os desafios enfrentados pela enfermagem diante desta prática. Métodos: Revisão Integrativa da literatura, com abordagem exploratória descritiva. Foram utilizados os bancos de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online e Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde. Obtiveram-se 145 estudos dos quais 11 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, conforme as etapas do PRISMA. Resultados: As principais terapias alternativas identificadas foram: prática de exercício físico, acupuntura, hidroterapia, plantas medicinais, yoga e imaginação guiada. Cada uma das modalidades de terapias apontadas possui benefícios positivos em relação à redução dos sintomas da menopausa. Os enfermeiros têm contribuição direta para a adesão e realização das terapias alternativas, porém ainda existe grande desconhecimento sobre como realizar tais práticas. Conclusão: Torna-se importante a inclusão do ensino e qualificação em terapias alternativas dentro do ensino universitário e dos programas de educação permanente em saúde coletiva

Objetivo: Analizar las principales terapias alternativas que pueden disminuir los síntomas de la menopausia y presentar los desafíos enfrentados por la enfermería ante esta práctica. Métodos: Revisión Integrativa de la literatura, con abordaje exploratorio descriptivo. Se utilizaron los bancos de datos Scientific Eletronic Library Online y Literatura Latinoamericana en Ciencias de la Salud. Se obtuvieron 145 estudios, de los cuales 11 atendieron a los criterios de inclusión, conforme a las etapas del PRISMA. Resultados: Las principales terapias alternativas identificadas fueron: práctica de ejercicio físico, acupuntura, hidroterapia, plantas medicinales, yoga e imaginación guiada. Cada una de las modalidades de terapias apuntadas tiene beneficios positivos en relación a la reducción de los síntomas de la menopausia. Los enfermeros tienen una contribución directa a la adhesión y realización de las terapias alternativas, pero todavía existe gran desconocimiento sobre cómo realizar tales prácticas. Conclusión: Es importante la inclusión de la enseñanza y la calificación en terapias alternativas dentro de la enseñanza universitaria y de los programas de educación permanente en salud colectiva

Quando o olhar é capturado: o interesse dos adolescentes pelo cinema de horror na atualidade: a adolescência e suas imagens / When the view is captured: adolescents’ interest in horror movies nowadays: adolescence and its images / Cuando la mirada es capturada: el interés de los adolescentes por el cine de horror en la actualidad: adolescencia y sus imágenes

Esta pesquisa objetivou compreender o grande interesse dos adolescentes pelo cinema de horror na atualidade. O estudo realizou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, e utilizou o grupo focal como técnica para a coleta de dados. Participaram 16 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 12 e 17 anos, alunos de uma escola do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Realizaram-se três grupos focais, número determinado pelo critério de saturação. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo para processar os dados, sendo duas as categorias emergentes: "O horror no lugar da ausência", a qual contempla a íntima relação entre a adolescência e o cinema de horror, apresentando e discutindo os momentos de início e de importância dos encontros com a filmografia; "Do horror solitário ao laço simbólico", que aponta para a experiência de assistir aos filmes como espaço de expressão, de compartilhamento de experiências, de construção de laço simbólico.

This research aimed to understand teenagers’ interest in horror movies nowadays. The study was carried out by means of a qualitative, exploratory approach using the focal group technique to collect data. The participants are sixteen adolescents, male and female, aged from 12 to 17 years old, attending a school in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three focal groups were carried out, which were based on saturation criterion. Content analysis was used for data analysis, emerging two categories: "The horror in the place of absence" which overlooks the intimate relation between adolescence and horror movies, presenting and discussing the initial moments and those marked by importance within the relationship with the filmography; "From the solitary horror to the symbolic bound" which approaches the experience of watching movies as a possibility of expression of subjective truth, of sharing experiences, and the construction of a symbolic tie.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender el gran interés de los adolescentes por el cine de horror en la actualidad. El estudio se realizó a través de un abordaje cualitativo, de carácter exploratorio y utilizó el grupo focal como técnica para recolección de datos. Participaron 16 adolescentes de ambos los sexos, con edades entre 12 y 17 años, alumnos de una escuela del Estado de Rio Grande del Sur, Brasil. Fueron realizados 3 grupos focales, número determinado por criterio de saturación. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido para análisis de los datos, siendo dos las categorías emergentes: "El horror en el lugar de la ausencia", la cual contempla la íntima relación entre la adolescencia y el cine de horror, presentando y discutiendo los momentos del inicio y de la importancia de los encuentros con la filmografía; "Del horror solitario al lazo simbólico", que aborda la experiencia de ver a las películas como posibilidad de expresión de verdades subjetivas, de compartimiento de experiencias, de construcción de lazo simbólico.

A Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Kinesthetic and Visual Motor Imagery Questionnaire / Versão brasileira do Questionário de Imagética Motora Cinestésica e Visual

ABSTRACT Motor imagery has emerged as a potential rehabilitation tool in stroke. The goals of this study were: 1) to develop a translated and culturally-adapted Brazilian-Portugese version of the Kinesthetic and Visual Motor Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ20-P); 2) to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the scale in a group of patients with stroke and in an age-matched control group; 3) to compare the KVIQ20 performance between the two groups. Methods Test-retest, inter-rater reliabilities, and internal consistencies were evaluated in 40 patients with stroke and 31 healthy participants. Results In the stroke group, ICC confidence intervals showed excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities. Cronbach's alpha also indicated excellent internal consistency. Results for controls were comparable to those obtained in persons with stroke. Conclusions The excellent psychometric properties of the KVIQ20-P should be considered during the design of studies of motor imagery interventions for stroke rehabilitation.

RESUMO A Imagética Mental é uma ferramenta em potencial para a reabilitação de indivíduos com doenças cerebrovasculares. Os objetivos desse estudo foram: 1) Desenvolver uma versão traduzida e adaptada culturalmente do Questionário de Imagética Motora Cinestésica e Visual (KVIQ20-P); 2) Avaliar as características psicométricas da escala nesse grupo e em controles; 3) Comparar o desempenho na escala entre os dois grupos. Métodos Confiabilidades teste-reteste, interexaminador, assim como consistências internas da KVIQ20-P foram avaliadas em 40 indivíduos com AVC e em 31 controles. Resultados No grupo de pacientes, os intervalos de confiança mostraram excelentes confiabilidades teste-reteste e interexaminador. O alfa de Cronbach indicou uma excelente consistência interna. Os resultados no grupo controle foram comparáveis aos obtidos nos pacientes. Conclusões As excelentes propriedades psicométricas da KVIQ20-P devem ser consideradas durante o desenho de estudos de Imagética Mental para a reabilitação de indivíduos com doenças cerebrovasculares.